{"id":4897,"date":"2026-05-18T13:37:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T13:37:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4897"},"modified":"2026-05-18T13:51:44","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T13:51:44","slug":"impacto-del-bosque-caducifolio-y-la-topografia-en-el-manto-nival-en-los-andes-del-sur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4897","title":{"rendered":"Impacto del bosque caducifolio y la topograf\u00eda en el manto nival en los Andes del Sur"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Por Anelim Bernal-Mujica*, Sebastian A. Krogh**, and James McPhee***\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El derretimiento nival en los Andes del Sur constituye una fuente de agua cr\u00edtica para los ecosistemas, la agricultura, la generaci\u00f3n hidroel\u00e9ctrica y el abastecimiento general. Las interacciones entre la nieve y la vegetaci\u00f3n en esta regi\u00f3n a\u00fan son poco comprendidas, especialmente bajo climas mediterr\u00e1neos dominados por bosques caducifolios. En este trabajo, investigamos c\u00f3mo el dosel forestal, la elevaci\u00f3n y la orientaci\u00f3n de la ladera influyen en los procesos del manto nival en una cuenca de cabecera de 3.7 km\u00b2 en el centro-sur de Chile (36.9\u00b0 S). Se implement\u00f3 el modelo hidrol\u00f3gico de base f\u00edsica Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling (CRHM; Figura 1) para representar el impacto del bosque bajo diferentes coberturas de dosel, orientaciones y elevaciones sobre la din\u00e1mica de la nieve entre 2015 y 2024. Las simulaciones del manto nival se evaluaron mediante transectos y calicatas de nieve (2022\u20132024) tanto bajo el dosel como en \u00e1reas abiertas, y en laderas de orientaci\u00f3n norte y sur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El modelo muestra un ajuste razonable respecto al equivalente de agua en nieve (EAN) (R\u00b2 = 0.88; RMSE = 75 mm; sesgo medio de 23 mm) y a la altura de nieve (R\u00b2 = 0.68; RMSE = 0.37 m; sesgo medio de \u22120.10 cm) bajo las diferentes condiciones de cobertura y orientaciones, sugiriendo su idoneidad para an\u00e1lisis posteriores. En promedio, el dosel forestal reduce el EAN m\u00e1ximo en un 36%, principalmente debido a las p\u00e9rdidas por sublimaci\u00f3n asociadas a la interceptaci\u00f3n del dosel. La duraci\u00f3n de la nieve bajo el dosel es entre 10 y 30 d\u00edas menor que en \u00e1reas abiertas, dependiendo de la orientaci\u00f3n y la elevaci\u00f3n; asimismo, las tasas medias de derretimiento son m\u00e1s bajas bajo el dosel (10\u201315 mm d\u207b\u00b9) que en \u00e1reas abiertas (16\u201318 mm d\u207b\u00b9) debido al efecto de sombreado de la vegetaci\u00f3n. La variabilidad interanual modul\u00f3 fuertemente la influencia del dosel en la acumulaci\u00f3n de nieve, con diferencias de EAN que superaron los 200 mm (> 50%) en a\u00f1os fr\u00edos y nivosos, y fueron inferiores a 50 mm (< 20%) en a\u00f1os c\u00e1lidos y secos. Este estudio aporta nuevas perspectivas sobre las interacciones nieve-bosque en el hemisferio sur y valida el uso de parametrizaciones desarrolladas para el hemisferio norte en diferentes especies arb\u00f3reas (t\u00edpicamente perennifolias) a pesar de las limitaciones identificadas, subrayando la importancia de incorporar expl\u00edcitamente el efecto de la vegetaci\u00f3n en la acumulaci\u00f3n y derretimiento nival en los modelos hidrol\u00f3gicos de los Andes del Sur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n
\n
\"Figura
Figura 1. (a) Modelo conceptual de los procesos f\u00edsicos que controlan la acumulaci\u00f3n y ablaci\u00f3n nival incorporados en el modelo CRHM en la cuenca alta del estero Renegado. El color de las flechas denota el tipo de flujo (amarillo: radiaci\u00f3n de onda corta; rojo: radiaci\u00f3n de onda larga; turquesa: precipitaci\u00f3n; magenta: flujos de calor turbulentos\/del suelo; azul: flujos de masa por cambio de fase). La direcci\u00f3n de las flechas indica flujos entrantes frente a salientes. Panel (b) muestra la precipitaci\u00f3n pluvial y nival acumulada; los paneles (c) y (d) muestran el equivalente de agua en nieve (EAN) medio diario y la sublimaci\u00f3n acumulada bajo diferentes condiciones de cobertura forestal y orientaciones de ladera en las HRU representativas de los transectos de nieve (2015\u20132024) para las laderas norte y sur, respectivamente. Las \u00e1reas sombreadas indican el rango inter cuartil (percentiles 25\u201375) para el mismo periodo. La sublimaci\u00f3n total representa la suma de la sublimaci\u00f3n de la nieve interceptada en el dosel y de la superficie del manto nival bajo el dosel
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

*Programa de Doctorado en Recursos H\u00eddricos y Energ\u00eda para la Agricultura, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Chill\u00e1n, Chile.
**Departamento de Recursos H\u00eddricos, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Chillan, Chile.
***Departmento de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Bernal-Mujica, A., S. A.Krogh, and J.McPhee. 2026. \u201cThe Impact of Deciduous Forest and Topography on Snowpack Dynamics in a Headwater Catchment in the Southern Andes Cordillera.\u201d Hydrological Processes40, no. 3: e70455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hyp.70455<\/a>
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Anelim Bernal-Mujica*, Sebastian A. Krogh**, and James McPhee***\/ El derretimiento nival en los Andes del Sur constituye una fuente de agua cr\u00edtica para los ecosistemas, la agricultura, la generaci\u00f3n hidroel\u00e9ctrica y el abastecimiento general. Las interacciones entre la nieve y la vegetaci\u00f3n en esta regi\u00f3n a\u00fan son poco comprendidas, especialmente bajo climas mediterr\u00e1neos dominados […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[217,216,120],"class_list":["post-4897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lecturas","tag-andes-del-sur","tag-bosque","tag-topografia","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nImpacto del bosque caducifolio y la topograf\u00eda en el manto nival en los Andes del Sur - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4897\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Impacto del bosque caducifolio y la topograf\u00eda en el manto nival en los Andes del Sur - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Por Anelim Bernal-Mujica*, Sebastian A. 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