{"id":4845,"date":"2026-03-16T05:52:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T05:52:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4845"},"modified":"2026-03-16T05:52:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T05:52:19","slug":"plantas-no-nativas-y-cambio-floristico-en-los-andes-el-rol-del-clima-la-distancia-geografica-y-la-politica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4845","title":{"rendered":"Plantas no nativas y cambio flor\u00edstico en los Andes: el rol del clima, la distancia geogr\u00e1fica y la pol\u00edtica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Por Romina Fernandez*\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las plantas no nativas \u2014aquellas que han sido introducidas fuera de su \u00e1rea natural\u2014 est\u00e1n aumentando r\u00e1pidamente en muchas regiones del mundo. Estas especies pueden modificar la composici\u00f3n de las comunidades de plantas y transformar los ecosistemas. En algunos casos hacen que distintos lugares se vuelvan m\u00e1s parecidos entre s\u00ed, un proceso conocido como homogeneizaci\u00f3n biol\u00f3gica; en otros, generan el efecto contrario y aumentan las diferencias entre regiones, lo que se conoce como diferenciaci\u00f3n. Comprender cu\u00e1l de estos procesos predomina es clave para entender c\u00f3mo est\u00e1n cambiando los ecosistemas a gran escala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En este estudio analizamos c\u00f3mo las plantas no nativas est\u00e1n influyendo en la flora de los Andes, una de las regiones con mayor biodiversidad del planeta. La cordillera se extiende por m\u00e1s de 8.000 km a lo largo de siete pa\u00edses de Sudam\u00e9rica y alberga una enorme variedad de climas, paisajes y ecosistemas. Utilizando grandes bases de datos globales de biodiversidad, reunimos registros de especies de plantas nativas y no nativas presentes en 34 ecorregiones andinas y evaluamos cu\u00e1n similares son esas ecorregiones entre s\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Los resultados muestran que las plantas no nativas est\u00e1n generando dos procesos al mismo tiempo. En aproximadamente un tercio de las comparaciones entre ecorregiones, la presencia de plantas introducidas hace que las floras se vuelvan m\u00e1s parecidas (homogeneizaci\u00f3n). En otro tercio ocurre lo contrario: las ecorregiones se vuelven m\u00e1s diferentes entre s\u00ed (diferenciaci\u00f3n). En los casos restantes no se observ\u00f3 un cambio claro. Esto indica que la introducci\u00f3n de especies no nativas no tiene un \u00fanico efecto en los Andes.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Tambi\u00e9n analizamos qu\u00e9 factores ayudan a explicar estas diferencias. Encontramos que las ecorregiones m\u00e1s cercanas geogr\u00e1ficamente o con climas similares tienden a compartir m\u00e1s especies de plantas no nativas. Un resultado particularmente interesante es que las fronteras pol\u00edticas tambi\u00e9n influyen en la composici\u00f3n de las plantas no nativas. Las ecorregiones ubicadas en pa\u00edses diferentes tienden a compartir menos especies de plantas introducidas cuando est\u00e1n cerca geogr\u00e1ficamente, posiblemente debido a diferencias en regulaciones, pr\u00e1cticas agr\u00edcolas o comercio. En cambio, a grandes distancias geogr\u00e1ficas, estas diferencias pol\u00edticas pueden perder importancia frente a procesos como el comercio internacional de plantas ornamentales o cultivos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

En s\u00edntesis, los resultados indican que la transformaci\u00f3n de la flora andina no responde solo a factores clim\u00e1ticos y distancias geogr\u00e1ficas, sino tambi\u00e9n a din\u00e1micas humanas y pol\u00edticas que influyen en la introducci\u00f3n y expansi\u00f3n de especies. Reconocer esta combinaci\u00f3n de factores puede ser \u00fatil para anticipar potenciales invasiones de plantas no nativas y fortalecer la cooperaci\u00f3n entre los pa\u00edses que comparten los Andes.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

*Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Regional, UNT-CONICET, Argentina<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Fernandez, R. D., Jimenez, Y. G., Gonz\u00e1lez, M. V., & Grau, H. R. (2026). Homogenization and differentiation of Andean ecoregion floras driven by non-native plants: The role of political and environmental factors.\u00a0Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation<\/em>. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pecon.2026.01.003<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Romina Fernandez*\/ Las plantas no nativas \u2014aquellas que han sido introducidas fuera de su \u00e1rea natural\u2014 est\u00e1n aumentando r\u00e1pidamente en muchas regiones del mundo. Estas especies pueden modificar la composici\u00f3n de las comunidades de plantas y transformar los ecosistemas. En algunos casos hacen que distintos lugares se vuelvan m\u00e1s parecidos entre s\u00ed, un proceso […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[57,158,204,203],"class_list":["post-4845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lecturas","tag-clima","tag-ecologia","tag-floristico","tag-plantas","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nPlantas no nativas y cambio flor\u00edstico en los Andes: el rol del clima, la distancia geogr\u00e1fica y la pol\u00edtica - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4845\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plantas no nativas y cambio flor\u00edstico en los Andes: el rol del clima, la distancia geogr\u00e1fica y la pol\u00edtica - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Por Romina Fernandez*\/ Las plantas no nativas \u2014aquellas que han sido introducidas fuera de su \u00e1rea natural\u2014 est\u00e1n aumentando r\u00e1pidamente en muchas regiones del mundo. 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