{"id":4588,"date":"2025-06-04T14:28:30","date_gmt":"2025-06-04T14:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4588"},"modified":"2025-06-04T14:28:31","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T14:28:31","slug":"que-procesos-controlan-la-perdida-de-masa-del-glaciar-tapado-andes-aridos-de-chile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4588","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9\u00a0procesos controlan la p\u00e9rdida de masa del glaciar Tapado (Andes \u00c1ridos de Chile)?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Por \u00c1lvaro Ayala*\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En la Cordillera de Los Andes existe una zona de alta elevaci\u00f3n, dominada por condiciones secas, bajas temperaturas y alta radiaci\u00f3n solar que en los estudios glaciol\u00f3gicos suele ser denominada como los Andes \u00c1ridos (~20-35\u00b0S). Alrededor de los 30\u00b0S los glaciares son de tama\u00f1o relativamente peque\u00f1o, pero son excelentes indicadores de los cambios clim\u00e1ticos y su aporte h\u00eddrico puede ser importante durante el final del verano y las sequ\u00edas. Entre estos glaciares se encuentra el glaciar Tapado, ubicado en el Norte Chico de Chile (30.1422\u00b0 S, 69.9275\u00b0 W, cuenca del r\u00edo Elqui, Figura 1). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figura
Figura 1: (a) Ubicaci\u00f3n del glaciar Tapado, (b) Imagen del sector de hielo expuesto del glaciar Tapado, se destaca un margen interno del glaciar que rodea una zona de roca expuesta.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

El glaciar Tapado tiene un tama\u00f1o de 1.5 km2<\/sup> y se extiende desde los 4500 hasta los 5600 m s.n.m. La superficie del glaciar contiene varios elementos que representan un gran desaf\u00edo para el monitoreo y modelamiento del balance de masa glaciar y su aporte h\u00eddrico, por ejemplo: una zona de hielo cubierta por detritos donde se ubican varios escarpes de hielo y lagunas supraglaciales; un \u00e1rea con grandes penitentes de nieve y hielo; una secci\u00f3n de alta pendiente con numerosas grietas y seracs; y \u00e1reas situadas por sobre los 5000 m s.n.m donde existe una m\u00ednima acumulaci\u00f3n y derretimiento de nieve debido a los fuertes vientos y bajas temperaturas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En nuestro estudio, usamos 15 a\u00f1os de datos de terreno y remotos para cuantificar y describir la p\u00e9rdida de masa del glaciar enfoc\u00e1ndonos en estos elementos y procesos caracter\u00edsticos. Las observaciones incluyeron registros meteorol\u00f3gicos, balances de masa glaciol\u00f3gicos, e im\u00e1genes captadas por drones y sat\u00e9lites de las cuales derivamos cambios de elevaci\u00f3n en alta resoluci\u00f3n. Los resultados mostraron que en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas el glaciar ha estado sometido a frecuentes sequ\u00edas y a un alza significativa de temperatura de 0.29\u00b0C por d\u00e9cada desde 1974. Desde el inicio de la Megasequ\u00eda en 2010, la precipitaci\u00f3n promedio anual sobre el glaciar se ha reducido en un 43%. Todo esto ha provocado una reducci\u00f3n del albedo glaciar y una aceleraci\u00f3n en la p\u00e9rdida de \u00e1rea y masa. El balance de masa glaciar se ha hecho cada vez m\u00e1s negativo, variando desde valores neutrales antes del a\u00f1o 2000 hasta llegar a \u22120.75 \u00b1 0.12 m e.a. a\u00f1o\u22121<\/sup> despu\u00e9s del 2020. Esta p\u00e9rdida de masa ha estado asociada a varios cambios morfol\u00f3gicos, como un aumento en la altura de los penitentes; un aumento en el \u00e1rea de escarpes y lagunas supraglaciales; y un aumento en la frecuencia de ca\u00eddas de hielo, nieve y roca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

El glaciar Tapado es un excelente ejemplo de c\u00f3mo la cri\u00f3sfera de la Cordillera de Los Andes est\u00e1 sufriendo cambios acelerados. En este contexto resulta esencial garantizar un monitoreo continuo de los glaciares usando diversas herramientas y t\u00e9cnicas que permitan capturar todo el espectro de procesos f\u00edsicos que se desarrollan en los glaciares andinos.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Figura
Figura 2: Penitentes sobre la lengua del glaciar Tapado. M\u00e1s abajo se desarrolla el sector de hielo cubierto por detritos.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Figura
Figura 3: (a) Mapa de cambios de elevaci\u00f3n en el periodo 2020-2024. Se muestran tambi\u00e9n las secciones cubiertas y descubiertas de detritos, y las \u00e1reas con penitentes de hielo y escarpes y lagunas supraglaciales. A la derecha se muestra el descenso de la superficie desde 1956 para (b) secci\u00f3n de hielo expuesto o descubierta, (c) secci\u00f3n cubierta, (d) \u00e1rea de penitentes y (e) \u00e1rea de escarpes y lagunas supraglaciales. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

*Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Ayala, Robson, B. A., Navarro, G., MacDonell, S., Kinnard, C., Vivero, S., Thomas, D., Moreno, F., San Francisco, E. Y., Schaffer, N., Segovia, A., Petlicki, M., Retamal-Ram\u00edrez, F., Schauwecker, S., and Casassa, G.: Monitoring the physical processes driving the mass loss of Tapado Glacier, Dry Andes of Chile, J. Glaciol., 1-19,https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jog.2025.24, 2025.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por \u00c1lvaro Ayala*\/ En la Cordillera de Los Andes existe una zona de alta elevaci\u00f3n, dominada por condiciones secas, bajas temperaturas y alta radiaci\u00f3n solar que en los estudios glaciol\u00f3gicos suele ser denominada como los Andes \u00c1ridos (~20-35\u00b0S). Alrededor de los 30\u00b0S los glaciares son de tama\u00f1o relativamente peque\u00f1o, pero son excelentes indicadores de los […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[111,145,41,24],"class_list":["post-4588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lecturas","tag-balance-hidrico","tag-criosfera","tag-glaciares","tag-sequia","entry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfQu\u00e9\u00a0procesos controlan la p\u00e9rdida de masa del glaciar Tapado (Andes \u00c1ridos de Chile)? - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4588\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9\u00a0procesos controlan la p\u00e9rdida de masa del glaciar Tapado (Andes \u00c1ridos de Chile)? - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Por \u00c1lvaro Ayala*\/ En la Cordillera de Los Andes existe una zona de alta elevaci\u00f3n, dominada por condiciones secas, bajas temperaturas y alta radiaci\u00f3n solar que en los estudios glaciol\u00f3gicos suele ser denominada como los Andes \u00c1ridos (~20-35\u00b0S). 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- Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4588#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4588#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tapado_comp-3.png","datePublished":"2025-06-04T14:28:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-04T14:28:31+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4588#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4588"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4588#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tapado_comp-3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/tapado_comp-3.png","width":993,"height":569,"caption":"Figura 1: (a) Ubicaci\u00f3n del glaciar Tapado, (b) Imagen del sector de hielo expuesto del glaciar Tapado, se destaca un margen interno del glaciar que rodea una zona de roca expuesta."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4588#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u00bfQu\u00e9\u00a0procesos controlan la p\u00e9rdida de masa del glaciar Tapado (Andes \u00c1ridos de Chile)?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/","name":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes","description":"ANDEX","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#organization","name":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-cropped-logo_ANDEX_color_trans1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-cropped-logo_ANDEX_color_trans1.png","width":555,"height":444,"caption":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/person\/502e4f38fe30f00d8b101cd988a956fb","name":"andex","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/23494ed4720f39176481de38bcdec2a13011e1321adeb3faa91d0e623a2a8587?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/23494ed4720f39176481de38bcdec2a13011e1321adeb3faa91d0e623a2a8587?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"andex"},"url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4588"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4592,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4588\/revisions\/4592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}