{"id":4564,"date":"2025-05-23T15:35:25","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T15:35:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4564"},"modified":"2025-05-23T15:39:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-23T15:39:57","slug":"intercambios-de-energia-superficial-y-condiciones-de-estabilidad-asociadas-con-eventos-de-lluvias-intensas-convectivas-en-los-andes-centrales-del-peru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4564","title":{"rendered":"Intercambios de energ\u00eda superficial y condiciones de estabilidad asociadas con eventos de lluvias intensas convectivas en los Andes centrales del Per\u00fa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Por Jos\u00e9 Luis Flores*\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este estudio analiza los patrones de precipitaci\u00f3n, los componentes del balance de energ\u00eda superficial (SEB) y los gradientes verticales atmosf\u00e9ricos (AVG) en el Observatorio Geof\u00edsico de Huancayo (HYGO), ubicado en la cuenca agr\u00edcola del valle del Mantaro, Andes centrales del Per\u00fa. Utiliza observaciones in situ <\/em>de enero de 2018 a abril de 2022 y registros clim\u00e1ticos de 1965 a 2018 para caracterizar la din\u00e1mica convectiva y las interacciones tierra\u2013atm\u00f3sfera en un entorno de topograf\u00eda compleja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para describir las lluvias se integraron mediciones de pluvi\u00f3metros de superficie, perfiles de reflectividad del radar MIRA-35c y productos GPM-IMERG. Se identificaron veinti\u00fan episodios de precipitaci\u00f3n intensa entre 2018 y 2022, todos de origen convectivo, que sirvieron para estudiar se\u00f1ales precursoras y evaluar la capacidad predictiva de un modelo num\u00e9rico regional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los flujos turbulentos de calor sensible (QH) y calor latente (QE) se estimaron con el m\u00e9todo aerodin\u00e1mico de gradiente; el flujo de calor al suelo se calcul\u00f3 seg\u00fan el esquema de Foken y Napo. Los gradientes verticales de mezcla de vapor de agua (WMVG), de viento horizontal (HWVG) y el n\u00famero de Richardson (RIN) se derivaron de radiosondas y del profiler radar de alta resoluci\u00f3n de HYGO. Adem\u00e1s, el modelo Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) simul\u00f3 la turbulencia durante los eventos, comparando sus salidas con los c\u00e1lculos aerodin\u00e1micos de referencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los datos muestran una marcada variabilidad diurna, con picos de precipitaci\u00f3n entre las 15:00 y las 19:00, coincidiendo con la mayor inestabilidad t\u00e9rmica de la tarde. Estacionalmente, el r\u00e9gimen pluviom\u00e9trico presenta una estaci\u00f3n h\u00fameda de noviembre a marzo y una estaci\u00f3n seca de abril a octubre, con transiciones bien definidas que condicionan los ciclos agr\u00edcolas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En las horas previas a los eventos intensos, QE y el flujo de momento horizontal (\u03c4) aumentan significativamente, se\u00f1alados como precursores fiables de convecci\u00f3n. Simult\u00e1neamente, el WMVG y el RIN disminuyen de forma notable, mientras que el HWVG se intensifica, indicando mayor cizalladura y aporte de humedad en la capa l\u00edmite, factores clave para la g\u00e9nesis convectiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

La evaluaci\u00f3n del ARPS revela subestimaciones de QH de hasta 15 W m\u207b\u00b2 y sobreestimaciones de QE de hasta 20 W m\u207b\u00b2 frente al m\u00e9todo aerodin\u00e1mico. Estos sesgos evidencian la necesidad de calibrar las parametrizaciones turbulentas y mejorar la asimilaci\u00f3n de datos satelitales de precipitaci\u00f3n y superficie, especialmente en orograf\u00eda compleja.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

En conjunto, este an\u00e1lisis integral profundiza en los procesos que gobiernan la convecci\u00f3n orogr\u00e1fica y el intercambio de energ\u00eda y momento en valles andinos. La identificaci\u00f3n de precursores robustos y la caracterizaci\u00f3n de desviaciones en las predicciones proporcionan una base s\u00f3lida para optimizar modelos de pron\u00f3stico y fortalecer estrategias de alerta temprana. Los resultados son fundamentales para mejorar la gesti\u00f3n de recursos h\u00eddricos, la planificaci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola y la mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgos ante eventos extremos en zonas vulnerables a la variabilidad clim\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Variaciones
Variaciones mensuales y diarias de los componentes medios de SEB en el HYGO entre mayo de 2018 y diciembre de 2022. Flujo de calor latente (Qe)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

*Instituto Geof\u00edsico del Peru, Calle Badajoz 169 Urb. Mayorazgo IV Etapa. Ate, Lima 15012, Peru<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Flores-Rojas, J. L., Guizado-Vidal, D. A., Valdivia-Prado, J., Silva, Y., Villalobos-Puma, E.,\u00a0Su\u00e1rez-Salas, L., et al. (2025). Surface energy exchanges and stability conditions\u00a0associated with convective intense rainfall events on the central Andes of Peru.\u00a0Agricultural and Forest Meteorology<\/em>\u00a0369, 110570.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agrformet.2025.110570<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Jos\u00e9 Luis Flores*\/ Este estudio analiza los patrones de precipitaci\u00f3n, los componentes del balance de energ\u00eda superficial (SEB) y los gradientes verticales atmosf\u00e9ricos (AVG) en el Observatorio Geof\u00edsico de Huancayo (HYGO), ubicado en la cuenca agr\u00edcola del valle del Mantaro, Andes centrales del Per\u00fa. Utiliza observaciones in situ de enero de 2018 a abril […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[112,139,38,140],"class_list":["post-4564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lecturas","tag-andes-centrales","tag-observatorio","tag-precipitacion","tag-variaciones","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nIntercambios de energ\u00eda superficial y condiciones de estabilidad asociadas con eventos de lluvias intensas convectivas en los Andes centrales del Per\u00fa - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4564\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Intercambios de energ\u00eda superficial y condiciones de estabilidad asociadas con eventos de lluvias intensas convectivas en los Andes centrales del Per\u00fa - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Por Jos\u00e9 Luis Flores*\/ Este estudio analiza los patrones de precipitaci\u00f3n, los componentes del balance de energ\u00eda superficial (SEB) y los gradientes verticales atmosf\u00e9ricos (AVG) en el Observatorio Geof\u00edsico de Huancayo (HYGO), ubicado en la cuenca agr\u00edcola del valle del Mantaro, Andes centrales del Per\u00fa. 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