{"id":4551,"date":"2025-05-16T01:19:49","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T01:19:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551"},"modified":"2025-05-16T01:19:50","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T01:19:50","slug":"monitoreo-del-manto-de-nieve-en-los-andes-extratropicales-con-sentinel-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551","title":{"rendered":"Monitoreo del manto de nieve en los Andes extratropicales con Sentinel-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Por Nevenka Bulovic*\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El manto de nieve de los Andes extratropicales en Chile y Argentina es un recurso fundamental de agua dulce para los ecosistemas, la agricultura y las comunidades aguas abajo. Sin embargo, este recurso est\u00e1 cada vez m\u00e1s amenazado por el cambio clim\u00e1tico y la prolongada \u201cmegasequ\u00eda\u201d que ha afectado a la regi\u00f3n durante m\u00e1s de una d\u00e9cada. Para comprender y gestionar mejor estos recursos h\u00eddricos, es cada vez m\u00e1s necesario contar con un monitoreo frecuente y de alta resoluci\u00f3n del manto nivoso en estas regiones monta\u00f1osas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recientes avances en la observaci\u00f3n satelital del manto de nieve mediante el radar de apertura sint\u00e9tica (SAR) de Sentinel-1 han demostrado resultados prometedores en los Alpes europeos1<\/sup>y otras cordilleras del hemisferio norte2<\/sup>. A partir de estos desarrollos, un estudio reciente3<\/sup> adapt\u00f3 los conjuntos de datos de entrada del flujo de trabajo de Sentinel-1 \u2014originalmente dise\u00f1ados para el hemisferio norte\u2014 a un contexto global, y evalu\u00f3 su aplicabilidad para monitorear la profundidad de nieve en los Andes extratropicales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para llevar a cabo una evaluaci\u00f3n s\u00f3lida, el estudio compil\u00f3 mediciones de profundidad de nieve y equivalente en agua de nieve entre 2017 y 2020, recolectadas por una variedad de instituciones, incluyendo agencias gubernamentales, universidades y empresas mineras. Se evalu\u00f3 el rendimiento del algoritmo de profundidad de nieve de Sentinel-1 considerando varios factores: topograf\u00eda, cobertura del suelo, clasificaci\u00f3n de tipos de nieve y atributos tanto del manto nivoso como de las observaciones satelitales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Los resultados muestran que Sentinel-1 ciertamente tiene potencial para ayudar a monitorear la profundidad de nieve en los Andes. Los algoritmos funcionaron mejor en zonas de gran altitud cercanas a las ciudades de Santiago y Mendoza, donde la nieve suele ser m\u00e1s profunda y la cobertura forestal es escasa. La precisi\u00f3n disminuye m\u00e1s hacia el norte, donde los mantos nivosos son m\u00e1s ef\u00edmeros, y m\u00e1s hacia al sur, donde la nieve tiende a ser m\u00e1s h\u00fameda y densa, y aumenta la cobertura de \u00e1rboles.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Es importante destacar que el estudio utiliz\u00f3 una versi\u00f3n no modificada del algoritmo de Sentinel-1, dise\u00f1ada para el hemisferio norte, sin optimizar sus par\u00e1metros para las condiciones andinas. Esto significa que los resultados probablemente representan una estimaci\u00f3n conservadora respecto a su potencial real. Actualmente, se est\u00e1 trabajando en adaptar y mejorar estos m\u00e9todos para ajustarlos a las condiciones \u00fanicas del manto de nieve y el terreno de los Andes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta investigaci\u00f3n fue posible gracias a la colaboraci\u00f3n entre siete instituciones, incluyendo la Universidad de Queensland (Australia) y la Universidad de Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figura
Figura 1. (a) Mapa de la profundidad de nieve estimada por Sentinel-1 en los Andes extratropicales para julio de 2020 (las ubicaciones de monitoreo in situ se muestran en puntos rojos). Se muestran mapas detallados de la profundidad media de nieve en julio para dos a\u00f1os nivales (2019, 2020) en (b) recuadro 1 y (c) recuadro 2. Las series temporales de profundidad de nieve medidas in situ y estimadas con Sentinel-1 se muestran para (d) Laguna Negra y (e) Paso Pehuenche. Figura tomada del art\u00edculo original\u00b3.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

*Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Lievens, H., et al. (2022). Sentinel-1 snow depth retrieval at sub-kilometer resolution over the European Alps<\/em>. The Cryosphere, 16, 159\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/TC-16-159-2022
<\/a>2<\/sup>Lievens, H., et al. (2019). Snow depth variability in the Northern Hemisphere mountains observed from space<\/em>. Nature Communications, 10, 4629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12566-y
<\/a>3<\/sup>Bulovic, N., McIntyre, N., & Johnson, F. (2020). Evaluation of IMERG V05B 30-min rainfall estimates over the high-elevation tropical Andes mountains<\/em>. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 21, 2875\u20132892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JHM-D-20-0114.1<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Nevenka Bulovic*\/ El manto de nieve de los Andes extratropicales en Chile y Argentina es un recurso fundamental de agua dulce para los ecosistemas, la agricultura y las comunidades aguas abajo. Sin embargo, este recurso est\u00e1 cada vez m\u00e1s amenazado por el cambio clim\u00e1tico y la prolongada \u201cmegasequ\u00eda\u201d que ha afectado a la regi\u00f3n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[137,132,136,135],"class_list":["post-4551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lecturas","tag-mantos-nivosos","tag-nieve","tag-recursos-hidricos","tag-sequias","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nMonitoreo del manto de nieve en los Andes extratropicales con Sentinel-1 - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Monitoreo del manto de nieve en los Andes extratropicales con Sentinel-1 - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Por Nevenka Bulovic*\/ El manto de nieve de los Andes extratropicales en Chile y Argentina es un recurso fundamental de agua dulce para los ecosistemas, la agricultura y las comunidades aguas abajo. 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Sin embargo, este recurso est\u00e1 cada vez m\u00e1s amenazado por el cambio clim\u00e1tico y la prolongada \u201cmegasequ\u00eda\u201d que ha afectado a la regi\u00f3n […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551","og_site_name":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes","article_published_time":"2025-05-16T01:19:49+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-05-16T01:19:50+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":2271,"url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/FIG1-3-2-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"andex","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"andex","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551"},"author":{"name":"andex","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/person\/502e4f38fe30f00d8b101cd988a956fb"},"headline":"Monitoreo del manto de nieve en los Andes extratropicales con Sentinel-1","datePublished":"2025-05-16T01:19:49+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-16T01:19:50+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551"},"wordCount":631,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/FIG1-3-2-2-1024x908.png","keywords":["Mantos nivosos","Nieve","Recursos h\u00eddricos","Sequ\u00edas"],"articleSection":["Lecturas"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551","name":"Monitoreo del manto de nieve en los Andes extratropicales con Sentinel-1 - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/FIG1-3-2-2-1024x908.png","datePublished":"2025-05-16T01:19:49+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-16T01:19:50+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/FIG1-3-2-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/FIG1-3-2-2.png","width":2560,"height":2271,"caption":"Figura 1. (a) Mapa de la profundidad de nieve estimada por Sentinel-1 en los Andes extratropicales para julio de 2020 (las ubicaciones de monitoreo in situ se muestran en puntos rojos). Se muestran mapas detallados de la profundidad media de nieve en julio para dos a\u00f1os nivales (2019, 2020) en (b) recuadro 1 y (c) recuadro 2. Las series temporales de profundidad de nieve medidas in situ y estimadas con Sentinel-1 se muestran para (d) Laguna Negra y (e) Paso Pehuenche. Figura tomada del art\u00edculo original\u00b3."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4551#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Monitoreo del manto de nieve en los Andes extratropicales con Sentinel-1"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/","name":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes","description":"ANDEX","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#organization","name":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-cropped-logo_ANDEX_color_trans1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-cropped-logo_ANDEX_color_trans1.png","width":555,"height":444,"caption":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/person\/502e4f38fe30f00d8b101cd988a956fb","name":"andex","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/23494ed4720f39176481de38bcdec2a13011e1321adeb3faa91d0e623a2a8587?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/23494ed4720f39176481de38bcdec2a13011e1321adeb3faa91d0e623a2a8587?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"andex"},"url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4551"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4552,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4551\/revisions\/4552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}