{"id":4458,"date":"2025-03-27T16:51:39","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T16:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4458"},"modified":"2025-03-27T20:26:02","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T20:26:02","slug":"el-balance-hidrico-integrado-revela-que-el-lago-titicaca-esta-principalmente-impulsado-por-la-precipitacion-y-la-evaporacion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4458","title":{"rendered":"El balance h\u00eddrico integrado revela que el Lago Titicaca est\u00e1 principalmente impulsado por la precipitaci\u00f3n y la evaporaci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Por Nilo Lima*\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El lago Titicaca, situado en el Altiplano de los Andes tropicales de Sudam\u00e9rica, es uno de los lagos grandes (8400 km2<\/sup>) m\u00e1s altos del mundo (3812 msnm). Forma parte de una gran cuenca endorreica y se conecta con el lago Poop\u00f3 a trav\u00e9s del r\u00edo Desaguadero. Al ser un lago transfronterizo compartido por Per\u00fa y Bolivia, enfrenta desaf\u00edos complejos para su gesti\u00f3n sostenible de los recursos h\u00eddricos. Frente al cambio clim\u00e1tico en curso y el aumento de las presiones antropog\u00e9nicas, un balance h\u00eddrico integrado es crucial para comprender los factores que influyen en las fluctuaciones del nivel del agua. El \u00faltimo balance h\u00eddrico disponible corresponde al a\u00f1o 1993, por lo que es necesario actualizarlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

El estudio de Lima-Quispe et al. (2025) presenta un marco de modelaci\u00f3n integrado basado en modelos conceptuales para cuantificar los procesos hidrol\u00f3gicos naturales y el consumo neto de riego. Este fue implementado en la plataforma Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) con un paso de tiempo diario para el per\u00edodo 1982\u20132016, considerando los siguientes t\u00e9rminos del balance h\u00eddrico: afluencia desde las cuencas, precipitaci\u00f3n directa, evaporaci\u00f3n del lago y descarga al r\u00edo Desaguadero. Para estimar la afluencia desde las cuencas, se evalu\u00f3 el impacto de los procesos de nieve y hielo, as\u00ed como las extracciones netas por riego, en los caudales simulados y en la fluctuaci\u00f3n de los niveles de agua del lago. Adem\u00e1s, se analiz\u00f3 el papel del cambio en el almacenamiento de calor en la evaporaci\u00f3n del lago.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

La afluencia desde las cuencas representa el 56% (958 mm\/a\u00f1o) y la precipitaci\u00f3n directa el 44% (744 mm\/a\u00f1o) del total de las entradas, mientras que el 93% (1616 mm\/a\u00f1o) de las salidas se debe a la evaporaci\u00f3n y el 7% restante (121 mm\/a\u00f1o) a la descarga hac\u00eda el r\u00edo Desaguadero. El cierre del balance tiene un error de -15 mm\/a\u00f1o. En cuanto al cambio en el almacenamiento de calor, el lago alcanza su m\u00e1ximo calentamiento en octubre y su m\u00e1xima p\u00e9rdida de calor en mayo. Omitir el almacenamiento de calor sobreestima la evaporaci\u00f3n durante los meses de calentamiento (agosto a diciembre) y la subestima durante los meses de enfriamiento (abril a julio). El derretimiento de nieve y hielo representa solo el 6% y 1%, respectivamente, de las entradas totales (derretimiento de nieve y hielo + lluvia) en las cuencas contribuyentes del lago. Las extracciones netas para riego en las cuencas equivalen al 7% del caudal afluente al lago. Por lo tanto, el balance h\u00eddrico del lago Titicaca est\u00e1 principalmente impulsado por la precipitaci\u00f3n (como variable de entrada) y evaporaci\u00f3n (como variable de salida). El balance h\u00eddrico integrado actualizado constituye una valiosa contribuci\u00f3n para apoyar la toma de decisiones en la gesti\u00f3n y planificaci\u00f3n de los recursos h\u00eddricos del lago. Adem\u00e1s, la herramienta de modelaci\u00f3n integrada podr\u00eda ser \u00fatil para gestionar las liberaciones del lago y mitigar los impactos de sequ\u00eda e inundaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

*Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, INRAe, Grenoble-INP, Institut Geosciences Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), France<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Lima-Quispe, N., Ruelland, D., Rabatel, A., Lavado-Casimiro, W., and Condom, T. (2025). Modeling Lake Titicaca\u2019s water balance: the dominant roles of precipitation and evaporation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 29, 655 682.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hess-29-655-2025<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Nilo Lima*\/ El lago Titicaca, situado en el Altiplano de los Andes tropicales de Sudam\u00e9rica, es uno de los lagos grandes (8400 km2) m\u00e1s altos del mundo (3812 msnm). Forma parte de una gran cuenca endorreica y se conecta con el lago Poop\u00f3 a trav\u00e9s del r\u00edo Desaguadero. Al ser un lago transfronterizo compartido […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[110,75,111,109],"class_list":["post-4458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lecturas","tag-afluencia","tag-altiplano","tag-balance-hidrico","tag-lago-titicaca","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nEl balance h\u00eddrico integrado revela que el Lago Titicaca est\u00e1 principalmente impulsado por la precipitaci\u00f3n y la evaporaci\u00f3n - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4458\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El balance h\u00eddrico integrado revela que el Lago Titicaca est\u00e1 principalmente impulsado por la precipitaci\u00f3n y la evaporaci\u00f3n - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Por Nilo Lima*\/ El lago Titicaca, situado en el Altiplano de los Andes tropicales de Sudam\u00e9rica, es uno de los lagos grandes (8400 km2) m\u00e1s altos del mundo (3812 msnm). 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