{"id":4371,"date":"2025-01-22T15:30:32","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T15:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4371"},"modified":"2025-01-22T15:30:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T15:30:34","slug":"los-vientos-que-moldean-el-clima-de-un-continente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4371","title":{"rendered":"Los Vientos que Moldean el Clima de un Continente"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Por Ye Mu*\/<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cada pocos a\u00f1os, los dram\u00e1ticos ciclos del Fen\u00f3meno El Ni\u00f1o-Oscilaci\u00f3n del Sur (ENSO) recorren el Oc\u00e9ano Pac\u00edfico, dejando profundas huellas en el clima global. En Sudam\u00e9rica, ENSO no es un fen\u00f3meno distante, sino una fuerza poderosa que moldea los patrones de lluvia, desencadena extremos clim\u00e1ticos y transforma los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, hay un jugador menos conocido en esta narrativa: los Jets de Niveles Bajos (LLJs), corrientes de viento atmosf\u00e9ricas que act\u00faan como autopistas naturales, transportando humedad por el continente y alimentando eventos meteorol\u00f3gicos extremos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Nuestro estudio m\u00e1s reciente revela c\u00f3mo ENSO y la Oscilaci\u00f3n Decadal del Pac\u00edfico (PDO) interact\u00faan para influir en la actividad de estos LLJs en Sudam\u00e9rica. Lejos de ser actores pasivos, estos jets son impulsores cr\u00edticos de precipitaciones extremas, inundando campos, desbordando r\u00edos e intensificando tormentas desde la cuenca del Amazonas hasta las tierras agr\u00edcolas de Argentina. Comprender estos mecanismos ofrece no solo nuevos conocimientos cient\u00edficos, sino tambi\u00e9n herramientas pr\u00e1cticas para prepararse y mitigar eventos clim\u00e1ticos extremos.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Jets y Extremos Clim\u00e1ticos<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los LLJs a lo largo de los Andes orientales son conductos atmosf\u00e9ricos vitales que transportan enormes cantidades de humedad y calor. En Sudam\u00e9rica, estos vientos se organizan en tres tipos principales: el LLJ Central, el LLJ Norte y el LLJ Andino, cada uno con un papel clave en la distribuci\u00f3n de las lluvias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Nuestros hallazgos muestran que estos vientos est\u00e1n profundamente influenciados por ENSO y PDO. Durante eventos de El Ni\u00f1o, combinados con una PDO c\u00e1lida, el LLJ Central se intensifica, transportando grandes flujos de humedad hacia el sureste de Sudam\u00e9rica y provocando lluvias extremas e inundaciones. En contraste, los a\u00f1os de La Ni\u00f1a con PDO fr\u00eda fortalecen los LLJs Norte y Andino, llevando lluvias intensas a la cuenca amaz\u00f3nica y a las estribaciones andinas.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Compuestos
Compuestos de los vientos medios nocturnos (DJF) a 850 hPa y dominios espaciales para los tipos de LLJ en Sudam\u00e9rica: (a) Central, (b) Norte y (c) Andes. El sombreado en color indica la velocidad del viento en metros por segundo, mientras que las flechas representan la direcci\u00f3n y la magnitud relativa de los vientos. El per\u00edodo nocturno corresponde a 23\u201309 UTC (19:00\u201305:00 hora local de Bolivia). Los recuadros negros muestran las m\u00e1scaras de los dominios espaciales empleados para identificar los LLJs.\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cadas de Datos Descifradas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Analizamos 65 a\u00f1os de datos de rean\u00e1lisis atmosf\u00e9rico y encontramos patrones clave: mientras la frecuencia del LLJ Central ha disminuido, el LLJ Norte se ha vuelto m\u00e1s persistente e intenso. Estos cambios sugieren un reequilibrio en las din\u00e1micas clim\u00e1ticas de Sudam\u00e9rica, con implicaciones significativas para la seguridad h\u00eddrica, la agricultura y la biodiversidad.

Un descubrimiento notable fue c\u00f3mo la sincronizaci\u00f3n entre las fases de ENSO y PDO act\u00faa como un \u201cregulador clim\u00e1tico\u201d. Cuando El Ni\u00f1o coincide con una PDO c\u00e1lida o neutral, el LLJ Central se intensifica, aumentando las lluvias extremas en el sureste. Por el contrario, durante La Ni\u00f1a y una PDO fr\u00eda, domina el LLJ Norte, intensificando las lluvias en la Amazon\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Para millones de personas en Sudam\u00e9rica, estos patrones no son te\u00f3ricos, sino profundamente personales. Determinan las cosechas, el riesgo de inundaciones e incluso los medios de vida. Con el cambio clim\u00e1tico intensificando estos sistemas, los extremos de precipitaci\u00f3n ser\u00e1n m\u00e1s frecuentes. Nuestros hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de integrar este conocimiento en sistemas de alerta temprana y estrategias de adaptaci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

*Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup>Mu, Y., Jones, C., Carvalho, L.M.V.\u00a0et al.<\/em>\u00a0Pacific decadal oscillation and ENSO forcings of northerly low-level jets in South America.\u00a0npj Clim Atmos Sci<\/em>\u00a07, 297 (2024).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41612-024-00852-6<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Ye Mu*\/ Cada pocos a\u00f1os, los dram\u00e1ticos ciclos del Fen\u00f3meno El Ni\u00f1o-Oscilaci\u00f3n del Sur (ENSO) recorren el Oc\u00e9ano Pac\u00edfico, dejando profundas huellas en el clima global. En Sudam\u00e9rica, ENSO no es un fen\u00f3meno distante, sino una fuerza poderosa que moldea los patrones de lluvia, desencadena extremos clim\u00e1ticos y transforma los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, hay […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[93,89,92,91,38,90],"class_list":["post-4371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lecturas","tag-calor","tag-enso","tag-humedad","tag-jets","tag-precipitacion","tag-vientos","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nLos Vientos que Moldean el Clima de un Continente - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4371\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Los Vientos que Moldean el Clima de un Continente - Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Por Ye Mu*\/ Cada pocos a\u00f1os, los dram\u00e1ticos ciclos del Fen\u00f3meno El Ni\u00f1o-Oscilaci\u00f3n del Sur (ENSO) recorren el Oc\u00e9ano Pac\u00edfico, dejando profundas huellas en el clima global. 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Los recuadros negros muestran las m\u00e1scaras de los dominios espaciales empleados para identificar los LLJs."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?p=4371#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Los Vientos que Moldean el Clima de un Continente"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/","name":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes","description":"ANDEX","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#organization","name":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-cropped-logo_ANDEX_color_trans1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-cropped-logo_ANDEX_color_trans1.png","width":555,"height":444,"caption":"Programa Hidroclim\u00e1tico Regional para los Andes"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/person\/502e4f38fe30f00d8b101cd988a956fb","name":"andex","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/23494ed4720f39176481de38bcdec2a13011e1321adeb3faa91d0e623a2a8587?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/23494ed4720f39176481de38bcdec2a13011e1321adeb3faa91d0e623a2a8587?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"andex"},"url":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4371"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4374,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4371\/revisions\/4374"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.andex-rhp.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}